1/30/2018 0 Comments Ireland Traditions And Holidays• • • The culture of Ireland includes customs and traditions,,,,,, and associated with and the. For most of its recorded history, Ireland's culture has been primarily (see ). It has also been influenced by Anglo-Norman, English and Scottish culture. The Ireland in the 12th century, while the 16th/17th century and of Ireland saw the emergence of the and (or Ulster Scots). When we think of Ireland we think of beautiful landscapes, mountains, and a county side that is as green as green can be. Irish folk music, welcoming pubs, and quaint. Samhain in Ireland is also known as Halloween but it is older than the traditional ‘trick or treat’ holiday as we know it today. Today, there are notable cultural differences between those of and (especially ) background, and between and the settled population. Due to large-scale emigration from Ireland, Irish culture has a global reach and festivals such as,, are celebrated all over the world. Irish culture has to some degree been inherited and modified by the, which in turn has influenced the home country. Though there are many unique aspects of Irish culture, it shares substantial traits with those of Britain, other, other predominantly Catholic European countries, and the other. Lough Gur, an early Irish farming settlement As evidence from sites such as the in and in demonstrates, farming in Ireland is an activity that goes back to the very beginnings of human settlement. In historic times, texts such as the show a society in which cattle represented a primary source of wealth and status. Little of this had changed by the time of the in the 12th century. Ireland Vacation experts,Discovering Ireland Vacations customize and assign a Personal Guide to assist you to research,plan,and book your vacation in Ireland. These are the public holidays observed in Ireland. Public holidays in Ireland (as in other countries) may commemorate a special day or other event, such as Saint. Read on for our favorite holidays in Ireland and ideas for adding them to your own Irish expressions! This is one of the oldest Irish holiday traditions. Portrayed a Gaelic society in which cattle farming and was the norm. Townlands, villages, parishes and counties [ ] The Normans replaced traditional clan land management (Brehon Law) with the of and social organisation. This led to the imposition of the village, parish and over the native system of. In general, a parish was a civil and religious unit with a manor, a village and a church at its centre. Each parish incorporated one or more existing townlands into its boundaries. With the gradual extension of English over the island, the Irish county structure came into existence and was completed in 1610. These structures are still of vital importance in the daily life of Irish communities. Apart from the religious significance of the parish, most rural postal addresses consist of house and townland names. The village and parish are key focal points around which sporting rivalries and other forms of local identity are built and most people feel a strong sense of loyalty to their native county, a loyalty which also often has its clearest expression on the sports field. Land ownership and land hunger [ ]. With the English, the, and the organised of English and Scottish settlers, the patterns of land ownership in Ireland were altered greatly. The old order of transhumance and open range cattle breeding died out to be replaced by a structure of great landed estates, small tenant farmers with more or less precarious hold on their leases, and a mass of landless labourers. This situation continued up to the end of the 19th century, when the agitation of the began to bring about land reform. In this process of reform, the former tenants and labourers became land owners, with the great estates being broken up into small- and medium-sized farms and smallholdings. The process continued well into the 20th century with the work of the. This contrasted with Britain, where many of the big estates were left intact. One consequence of this is the widely recognised cultural phenomenon of 'land hunger' amongst the new class of Irish farmer. In general, this means that farming families will do almost anything to retain land ownership within the family unit, with the greatest ambition possible being the acquisition of additional land. Another is that in Ireland today are more constrained than their counterparts in Britain, as it is more difficult to agree rights of way with so many small farmers involved on a given route, rather than with just one landowner. Holidays and festivals [ ]. Parade in The majority of the Irish calendar today still reflects the old pagan customs, with later Christian traditions also having significant influences. Christmas in Ireland has several local traditions, some in no way connected with Christianity. On 26 December (), there is a custom of ' who call door to door with an arrangement of assorted material (which changes in different localities) to represent a dead 'caught in the furze', as their rhyme goes. The national holiday in the Republic of Ireland is, that falls on the date 17 March and is marked by parades and festivals in cities and towns across the island of Ireland, and by the Irish diaspora around the world. The festival is in remembrance to, the patron saint of Ireland. Pious legend credits Patrick with the banishing of the snakes from the island, and the legend also credits Patrick with teaching the Irish about the concept of the by showing people the, a 3-leaved clover, using it to highlight the Christian of 'three divine persons in the one God'. In on, commemorates 's victory at the is a public holiday. The holiday is celebrated by Irish Protestants the vast majority of whom live in Northern Ireland and is notable for the numerous organized by the which take place throughout Northern Ireland. These parades are colourful affairs with and sashes on display and include music in the form of traditional songs such as and performed by a mixture of Pipe, Flute, Accordion, and Brass marching bands. Day (1 February, known as or ) also does not have its origins in Christianity, being instead another religious observance superimposed at the beginning of spring. The made from rushes represents a pre-Christian solar wheel. [ ] Other pre-Christian festivals, whose names survive as Irish month names, are (May), (August) and (November). The last is still widely observed as which is celebrated all over the world, including in the followed by, another Christian holiday associated with a traditional one. Important church holidays include Easter, and various observances. Religion [ ]. In the form of both and is the most widely practised religion in Ireland. Christianity was brought to Ireland during or prior to the 5th century and its early history among the Irish is in particular associated with, who is generally considered Ireland's. The Celtic festival of, known as, originated in Ireland and is now celebrated all over the world. Ireland is a place where religion and religious practice have always been held in high esteem. The majority of people on the island are; however, there is a significant minority of who are mostly concentrated in, where they make up a of the population. The three main Protestant denominations on the island are the, the and the. These are also joined by numerous other smaller denominations including, several American gospel groups and the. As well as these Protestant Churches, other minority denominations include, and. In addition to the Christian denominations there are centres for,,, and for people of the and faiths. In the, the last time a census asked people to specify their religion was in 2011. The result was 84.16%, 2.81% (), 1.07%, 0.54%, 0.9%, 0.99%, approximately 2.07% other religious groupings and 5.88% identified as having no religion. About 1.59% did not state their religious identity. Amongst the Republic's Roman Catholics, weekly church attendance dropped from 87% in 1981 to 60% in 1998, though this remained one of the highest attendance rates in Europe. In in 2011, the population was 40.8% Roman Catholic, 19.1% Presbyterian, 13.7% Church of Ireland (Anglican), 3% Methodist, 5.8% other Christian, 0.8% other religion and philosophy, 10.1% with no religion and 6.8% religion not stated. Folklore [ ]. Modern depiction of a The has been estimated to figure to a large degree in Irish folklore. According to the tales, the leprechaun is a mischievous fairy type creature in emerald green clothing who when not playing tricks spend all their time busily making shoes, the Leprechaun is said to have a hidden at the end of the, and if ever captured by a human it has the magical power to grant three wishes in exchange for release. More acknowledged and respected in Ireland are the stories of and his followers, the, form the. Legend has it he built the as stepping-stones to Scotland, so as not to get his feet wet; he also once scooped up part of Ireland to fling it at a rival, but it missed and landed in the — the clump became the and the pebble became, the void became. The Irish king who ended the domination of the so-called by the, is part of the historical cycle. The Irish princess is the adulterous lover of in the romance and tragedy. The many legends of ancient Ireland were captured by in two volumes with forwards. These stories depict the unusual power and status that Celtic women held in ancient times. A traditional Irish Halloween turnip lantern is a traditional and much celebrated holiday in Ireland on the night of 31 October. The name Halloween is first attested in the 16th century as a Scottish shortening of the fuller All-Hallows-Eve, and according to some historians it has its roots in the festival, where the Gaels believed the border between this world and the became thin, and the dead would revisit the mortal world. In Ireland, traditional Halloween customs include; — children disguised in going from door to door requesting food or coins – which became practice by the late 19th century, hollowed-out and carved with faces to make lanterns, holding parties where games such as are played. Other practices in Ireland include lighting, and having displays. Mass transatlantic Irish and Scottish immigration in the 19th century popularised Halloween in North America. Literature and the arts [ ]. Usually take place in public houses For a comparatively small place, the island of Ireland has made a disproportionate contribution to world literature in all its branches, in both the Irish and English languages. The island's most widely known literary works are undoubtedly in English. Particularly famous examples of such works are those of,,, and Ireland's four winners of the;,, and. Three of the four Nobel prize winners were born in Dublin (Heaney being the exception, having lived in Dublin but being born in ), making it the birthplace of more Nobel literary laureates than any other city in the world. The Irish language has the third oldest literature in Europe (after and ), the most significant body of written literature (both ancient and recent) of any, as well as a strong oral tradition of legends and poetry. Poetry in Irish represents the oldest poetry in Europe, with the earliest examples dating from the 6th century. The early history of Irish visual art is generally considered to begin with early carvings found at sites such as and is traced through artefacts, particularly ornamental gold objects, and the and of the Early Medieval period. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, a strong indigenous tradition of painting emerged, including such figures as,, and. The Irish tradition of and dance is also widely known. In the middle years of the 20th century, as Irish society was attempting to modernise, traditional fell out of favour to some extent, especially in urban areas. Young people at this time tended to look to Britain and, particularly, the United States as models of progress and and became extremely popular. During the 1960s, and inspired by the American folk music movement, there was a revival of interest in the Irish tradition. This revival was inspired by groups like, the and and individuals like. The annual is the largest festival of Irish music in Ireland. Before long, groups and musicians like, and even were incorporating elements of traditional music into a rock idiom to form a unique new sound. During the 1970s and 1980s, the distinction between traditional and rock musicians became blurred, with many individuals regularly crossing over between these styles of playing as a matter of course. This trend can be seen more recently in the work of bands like,,, and. Irish laureates (1865–1939) (1856–1950) (1906–1989) (1939–2013) Languages [ ]. An Irish-language information sign in the and English are the most widely spoken languages in Ireland. English is the most widely spoken language on the island overall, and Irish is spoken as a first language only by a small minority, primarily, though not exclusively, in the government-defined regions in the Republic. A larger minority speak Irish as a second language, with 40.6% of people in the claiming some ability to speak the language in the 2011 census. Article 8 of the states that is the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland. English in turn is recognised as the State's second official language., the dialect of English spoken in most of the Republic of Ireland, has been greatly influenced by Irish. In contrast, like the rest of the United Kingdom, has no official language. English, however, is the de facto official language. In addition, and have recognition under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, with 8.1% claiming some ability in Ulster Scots and 10.7% in Irish. In addition, the of the people of Northern Ireland is noticeably different from that of the majority in the Republic of Ireland, being influenced by and Northern Ireland's proximity to Scotland. Several other languages are spoken on the island, including, a mixture of Irish, and English, spoken widely. Two sign languages have also been developed on the island, and. Some other languages have entered Ireland with immigrants – for example, is now the second most widely spoken language in Ireland after English, Irish being the third most commonly spoken language. • • • • • • • Food and drink [ ]. A pint of There are many references to food and drink in early Irish literature. Seems to have been widely eaten and used in the making of. The old stories also contain many references to banquets, although these may well be greatly exaggerated and provide little insight into everyday diet. There are also many references to, which are archaeological sites commonly believed to have once been used for cooking. The fulacht fia have holes or troughs in the ground which can be filled with water. Meat can then be cooked by placing hot stones in the trough until the water boils. Many fulach fia sites have been identified across the island of Ireland, and some of them appear to have been in use up to the 17th century. Excavations at the settlement in the area of Dublin have produced a significant amount of information on the diet of the inhabitants of the town. The main animals eaten were cattle, sheep and pigs, with pigs being the most common. This popularity extended down to modern times in Ireland. Poultry and wild geese as well as fish and shellfish were also common, as were a wide range of native berries and nuts, especially. The seeds of and were widely present and may have been used to make a. The Potato in Ireland [ ]. Three men digging for potatoes in, (Circa 1900) The potato would appear to have been introduced into Ireland in the second half of the 16th century, initially as a garden crop. It eventually came to be the main food field crop of the tenant and labouring classes. As a food source, the potato is extremely efficient in terms of energy yielded per unit area of land. The potato is also a good source of many vitamins and minerals, particularly (especially when ftresh). As a result, the typical 18th- and 19th-century Irish diet of potatoes and buttermilk was a contributing factor in the population explosion that occurred in Ireland at that time. However, due to the political rule of the time, the majority of Irish produce (root crops, cereals and animal produce) was exported to Britain, leaving few strains of potato as the sole food source for the Irish. This, along with the spread of potato blight led to shortages and famine, the most notable instance being the, which more or less undid all the growth in population of the previous century. The cause of which is attributed by some to an adherence to laissez faire economic policies by the government which kept food exports at the pre famine level leading to disease and emigration. Modern times [ ]. In the 20th century the usual modern selection of foods common to Western cultures has been adopted in Ireland. Both US culture and continental European dishes have influenced the country, along with other world dishes introduced in a similar fashion to the rest of the Western world. Common meals include pizza, curry,, and lately, some west have been making an appearance. Supermarket shelves now contain ingredients for, among others, traditional, European, American (Mexican/), Indian, Polish and Chinese dishes. The proliferation of fast food has led to increasing public health problems including, and one of the highest rates of in the world. Due to the current 'anti-meat fad', the government has broadcast television advertisements to discourage meat consumption. In the Northern Ireland, the has been particularly cited as being a major source for a higher incidence of problems, quoted as being a 'heart attack on a plate'. All the ingredients are, although more recently the trend is to as many of the ingredients as possible. These advertisements however, do not explain the health and vigor of native Irish people while eating their traditional diets high in both fat and meat. In tandem with these developments, the last quarter of the century saw the emergence of a new Irish cuisine based on traditional ingredients handled in new ways. This cuisine is based on fresh vegetables, fish, especially and, and other shellfish, traditional, the wide range of hand-made cheeses that are now being made across the country, and, of course, the potato. Traditional dishes, such as the, Dublin, the and, have enjoyed a resurgence. Schools like the have emerged to cater for the associated increased interest in cooking with traditional ingredients. Representative Irish Foods •. A typical Irish pub in Pub culture pervades Irish society, across all cultural divides. The term refers to the Irish habit of frequenting (pubs) or bars. Traditional pub culture is concerned with more than just drinking. Typically pubs are important meeting places, where people can gather and meet their neighbours and friends in a relaxed atmosphere; similar to the cafe cultures of other countries. Pubs vary widely according to the clientele they serve, and the area they are in. Best known, and loved amongst tourists is the traditional pub, with its (or 'trad music'), tavern-like warmness, and memorabilia filling it. Often such pubs will also serve food, particularly during the day. Many more modern pubs, not necessarily traditional, still emulate these pubs, only perhaps substituting traditional music for a DJ or non-traditional live music. Many larger pubs in cities eschew such trappings entirely, opting for loud music, and focusing more on the consumption of drinks, which is not a focus of traditional Irish culture. Such venues are popular 'pre-clubbing' locations. ' has become a popular phenomenon amongst young people in Ireland during the years. Clubs usually vary in terms of the type of music played, and the target audience. Belfast has a unique underground club scene taking place in settings such as churches, zoos, and crematoriums. A significant recent change to pub culture in the Republic of Ireland has been the introduction of a, in all workplaces, which includes pubs and restaurants. Ireland was the first country in the world to implement such a ban which was introduced on 29 March 2004. A majority of the population support the ban, including a significant percentage of smokers. Nevertheless, the atmosphere in pubs has changed greatly as a result, and debate continues on whether it has boosted or lowered sales, although this is often blamed on the ever-increasing prices, or whether it is a 'good thing' or a 'bad thing'. A similar ban, under the Smoking (Northern Ireland) Order 2006, came into effect in Northern Ireland on 30 April 2007. National and international organisations have labelled Ireland as having a problem with over-consumption of alcohol. In 2003, Ireland had the second-highest per capita alcohol consumption in the world, just below Luxembourg at 13.5 litres (per person 15 or more years old), according to the Health Data 2009 survey. According to the latest OECD figures, alcohol consumption in Ireland has dropped from 11.5 litres per adult in 2012 to 10.6 litres per adult in 2013. However, research showed that in 2013, 75% of alcohol was consumed as part of a drinking session where the person drank six or more standard units (which equates to three or more pints of beer). This meets the 's definition of binge drinking. Two types of traditional Irish boats, a (above) and a (below) In the Republic of Ireland there are several daily newspapers, including the,,,,,, the, and the Irish language. The best selling of these is the Irish Independent, which is published in both and form. The Irish Times is Ireland's. The Sunday market is quite saturated with many British publications. The leading Sunday newspaper in terms of circulation is The. Other popular papers include,,, and the. In the three main daily newspapers are, which is in outlook,, mainly in outlook and the. Also widely available are the Northern Irish versions of the main UK wide daily newspapers and some Scottish dailies such as the. In terms of Sunday papers the Belfast Telegraph is the only one of the three main Northern Irish dailies that has a Sunday publication which is called the Sunday Life. Apart from this all the main UK wide Sunday papers such as are widely available as are some Irish papers such as the Sunday world. There are quite a large number of local weekly newspapers both North and South, with most counties and large towns having two or more newspapers. Curiously Dublin remains one of the few places in Ireland without a major local paper since the closed down in the 1960s. In 2004 the was launched, but failed to attract enough readers to make it viable. One major criticism of the Republic of Ireland newspaper market is the strong position has on the market. It controls the Evening Herald, Irish Independent, Sunday Independent, Sunday World and The Star as well as holding a large stake in the cable company, and indirectly controlling The Sunday Tribune. The Independent titles are perceived by many as having a pro-British stance. In parallel to this, the Independent titles are perceived by many opposition supporters as being pro [ ]. The Irish magazine market is one of the world's most competitive, with hundreds of international magazines available in Ireland, ranging from and to and. This means that domestic titles find it very hard to retain readership. Among the best-selling Irish magazines are the,, Irish Tatler, VIP, Phoenix and. See also: Ireland is well supplied with museums and art galleries and offers, especially during the summer months, a wide range of cultural events. These range from arts festivals to farming events. The most popular of these are the annual Dublin Saint Patrick's Day Festival which attracts on average 500,000 people and the with an attendance in the region of 400,000. There are also a number of Summer Schools on topics from traditional music to literature and the arts. Major organisations responsible for funding and promoting Irish culture are.
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